Friday, August 16, 2019
Scientific Literacy in the Philippines
Module 6: Science Education in the Philippine Society Lesson 13: Scientific Literacy Science Literacy Science is frequently perceived to be of great importance because of its links to technology and industry which, from a national perspective, may be areas with high priority for development. Countries wanting to improve their people’s quality of life cannot escape the need to harness their science and technology capability as a way of developing competitiveness. Consequently, science is included as a core element in elementary and secondary levels despite conceptual complexity and high cost of implementation.Another justification for the inclusion of science in high school curricular is that all citizens need to achieve a degree of â€Å"scientific literacy†to enable them to participate effectively as citizens in modern societies. It is, therefore, important to be guided by past and present experiences in science education to be able to recognize the turning points for the country’s future which we need to decide now. Studies indicate however, that many of our Filipino learners are not attaining functional literacy, without which they find it too difficult to meet the challenges posed by our rapid changing world.Scientific literacy is a related concept to issue of cultural and technological literacy (a term used in recognition of the relationship between science and technology in everyday life). Some scientific educators have attempted to define or analyze it. The term ‘scientific literacy’ has been used in the literature for more than four decades (Gullagher and Harsch, 1997) although not always with the same meaning (Bybee, 1997). Benjamin Shen (1983) distinguishes 3 types of scientific literacy: practical, civic, and scientific cultural literacy.Practical scientific literacy is that kind of scientific and technical knowledge that can be put to use to help solve practical problems. The example given is that of the reduction in the dependence on infant formulae. Also, the use of alternative medicines like herbal plants instead of synthetic ones to prevent the cause of side effects that are harmful to one’s health. Civic scientific literacy enables the citizens to become more aware of science and science related issues so that he can face these issues with common sense. Shen defines civic scientific literacy as â€Å"a level of understanding of scientific terms and constructs sufficient to . . understand the essence of competing arguments on a given dispute on controversy†. An example common in many countries these days is the growing concern about the environment particularly the pollution of air, water and land. Media have contributed much to such awareness by bringing to public attention the activities of active environmental groups. However such concerns are more vigorous and numerous in developed countries than in developing countries. It is time that citizens of developing countries b ecame more aware and attentive to such matters. The third form is cultural scientific literacy.People who seek this form of scientific literacy desire to know something about science as a major human achievement. This group would come mostly from the intellectual community, those who watch television programs like Nova, Invention and similar discovery documentaries. The widely publicized subjects are based on the notion that scientific literacy has 3 components (Hodson) 1. substantive concepts with science 2. the nature of scientific activity 3. role of science in society and culture Norris and Philips(2003) argue that the term â€Å"scientific literacy†has been used to include various components from the following: a.    Knowledge of the substantive content of science and the ability to distinguish from non-science; b. )   Understanding science and its applications; c. )   Knowledge of what counts as science; d. )   Independence in le arning science; e. )   Ability to think scientifically; f. )    Ability to use scientific knowledge in problem solving; g. )   Knowledge needed for intelligent participation in science-based issues; h. )   Understanding the nature of science, including its relationship with culture; i. )     Appreciation of and comfort with science, including its wonder and curiosity; j.      Knowledge of the risks and benefits of science; and k. )   Ability to think critically about science and to deal with scientific expertise. They cite references to illustrate this. The confusion as to a precise meaning has led to a call to remove such term as a goal for school science literacy for future adult life through a longitudinal international study (OECD, 2007), although this has been criticized, not least because its measures are through written tests and questionnaires, which generally show developing countries to be in poor shape to meet such a goal. Philippine SettingThe Philippines established the National Science Development Board, in 1958 and Philippine Science High Schools or schools with science and tech-oriented classes were established because there is no streaming, or grouping of students according to their intellectual capacity at the higher levels of secondary school. Aims and Objectives The government recognizes the importance of science and technology capability for the development of our industry and country. The education sector collaborates with other government agencies to contribute to the success of government goals.As such, DECS (now DepEd) has focused its efforts towards programs and projects aimed at improving English, Science and Mathematics education in basic education. The objectives of elementary and secondary school science: †¢Ã‚        At the end of grade VI, the student is expected to apply his scientific knowledge and skills in recogniz ing and solving problems in relation to health and sanitation, nutrition, food production, preparation and storage, environment and the conservation of its resources, and evolving better ways and means of doing things. Bureau of Elementary Education, 1998) †¢Ã‚        The Secondary Science Education Programme aims to develop understanding of concepts and key principles of science, science processes, skills and desirable values to make the students scientifically literate, productive and effective citizens (Bureau of Secondary Education, 1998). Education for three types of literacy can come from both formal and informal sources. In developing countries like the Philippines, informal sources are not as easily accessible as they are in affluent and developed countries.Much of such learning can be derived from museums, science centers, and botanical gardens, zoos, well-ordinate programme of lectures and experiments, visits to manufacturing companies and indus trial sites, science fair and camps, media, clubs and science-related organizations. With a minimum of such resources, most developing countries rely on formal education (generally up to elementary levels only) for the development of scientific literacy of their citizens. ProblemsThe Survey of Outcomes of Elementary Education (SOUTEL) reported the poor performance of elementary school pupils and the lack of difference in the achievement of 5th and 6th grade. Third International Mathematics and science study (1915) reported also that Philippines ranked among the lowest scoring countries. Problems are encountered in curriculum, learning materials, teachers and students performance. Factors of low achievement in science and mathematics (Ibe, M) ? Absence of a science culture ?       Teacher training, the school curriculum        Instructional material ?       Teacher-learning process ?       Languag e instruction ?       Governance of education Reforms I. Improvements are foreign-assisted projects implemented in the country. Among these are: †¢Ã‚        The Science and Mathematics Education Manpower Development Program (SMEMDP) of the Japan Bank †¢Ã‚        Project in Basic Education (ProBE) funded by Australian Agency for International Development (AusAID) †¢ National Science Teaching and Instrumentation Center, a project with German governmentII. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Enhancing scientific literacy through science education is developing an ability to creatively utilize appropriate evidence-based scientific knowledge and skills, particularly with relevance for everyday life and a career, in solving personally challenging yet meaningful scientific problems as well as making responsible socio-scientific decisions. But it is necessary to recognize that enhancing scientific literacy is also dependent on the need to:Develop collective interaction skills, personal development and suitable communication approaches as well as the need to exhibit sound and persuasive reasoning in putting forward socio-scientific arguments. The emphasis on enhancing scientific literacy is placed on an appreciation of science; the development of personal attributes and be acquisition of socio-scientific skills and values. (Holbrook and Rannikmae, 2007) The government has a lot to do to improve the quality of science and technology education in the country.The Department of Education, Culture and Sports (DECS) should implement and develop the programs created. The school should nurture the talents and skills of students to develop their scientific literacy as well as appliying the knowledge in their lives. References: †¢Ã‚        Batomalaque, A. Basic Science Development Program of the Philippines for International Cooperation. University of San Car los, Cebu City, Philippines. †¢Ã‚        Hernandez, D. History and Philosophy of Science Education. †¢Ã‚        Holbrook, J. and Rannikmae, M. 2009. â€Å"The Meaning of Science Literacy†in Coll, R. nd Taylor, N. (Eds. ), Special Issue on Scientific Literacy. International Journal of Environmental and Science Education. Vol. 4 No. 3. July, 2009. †¢Ã‚        Ibe, M. and Ogena, E. â€Å"Science Education in the Philippines: An Overview. †Presented at the Science Education Congress, ISMED, November 27-28, 1998. †¢Ã‚        http://www. ibe. unesco. org/fileadmin/user upload/ archive/ curriculum/China/Pdf/beijingrep. pdf †¢Ã‚        http://www. suite101. com/article. cfm/mass communication/ 95438 †¢Ã‚        www. sensepublishers. com/catalog/files/9789087905071. pdf
Compare?Contrast Van Gogh and Chagall
Compacter/Contrast Van Gogh and Chloral For this essay, I chose to compare and contrast Vincent van Sago's â€Å"Starry Night†with Marc Chloral's â€Å"l and the Village†. The two pieces are lovely and most interesting to evaluate in relationship to one another. I personally love both artists and upon closely examining these famous pieces, I have noticed how similar yet different these works of art are. Vincent van Gogh was a deeply troubled, post-impressionist artist and his painting â€Å"Starry Night†is his most famous piece.Working from memory, he painted the oil on canvas passing the time in Saint-Remy-De-Provence located in outworn France while undergoing treatment in an insane asylum. The piece is very energetic with eleven fireball yellow stars like connect-the-dots across the big swirls, rolling blue and grey clouds in the night sky. There is a large orange, yellow crescent moon in the upper right corner offset by a tall, spiraling, deep green cypress tree in the lower left area.The pulsating sky contrasted against the little houses and the central figure of the church below, obliviously sleeping with their quiet muted colors, may be conveying that Vincent was feeling unheard and misunderstood by the tizzies of the village as well as the institution of the church; the thickly applied paint portrays this emotional intensity. The painting was done in 1898 inspired by the landscape of the asylum grounds outside his window. It is an oil on canvas and is located at The Museum of Modern Art in New York City.Marc Chloral's and â€Å"l and the Village†is a highly imaginative, modern piece that illustrates his native Jewish village from his childhood in Russia. In the dreamy painting, there is a clearly conveyed interdependent community of peasants, animals and plants and is a imposition of beautifully blended circles and triangular shapes inspired by cubism. The colors are very vibrant and a considerable contrast exists between t he reds, blues and greens. â€Å"l and the Village†integrates folk culture both Jewish and Russian and is very emotionally charged.There is a dream-like representation of an upside down violinist that brings â€Å"Fiddler on the Roof†to my mind. There is also a farmer with a scythe, pastures and a goat being milked. The two central figures are a large goat gazing into the eyes of a big green man with a cap on his head and a cross round his neck and a triangular tree in his hand that I personally believe represents the tree of life from The Bible. The painting most definitely possesses a significant amount of symbolism.The different sized circles are said to represent the earth's revolution around the sun and the moon's revolution around the earth. The circular structure in the lower left corner is widely interpreted to be a solar eclipse. The oil on canvas painting measures 75 inches by 59 inches, is his most famous work and is housed in the Museum of Modern Art in N ew York City. Both paintings depict unit little villages beneath a night sky and convey a sense of harmony. They both contain celestial bodies and are both done in mostly green and blue.Both are comprised of organic and geometric shapes and contain religious symbolism in the form of churches and Chloral's green man has a cross around his neck, but the greatest similarity I see about the two paintings is a swirling playfulness from Van Sago's exaggerated stars and clouds to Chloral's up-side-down musician and houses. I like the free license of post impressionism and modernism that allows the artists to envoy their personal perspectives anyway that they would like. Both paintings are housed at the Museum of Modern Art in New York City.Marc Chloral and Vincent van Gogh are really quite different. They are from two different time periods, Chloral being a modernist and van Gogh a post-impressionist. They also have different cultural backgrounds. Marc Chloral was most emphatically a Jewis h artist and he was Russian born. Vincent van Gogh was a Dutch painter who was called to be a Christian evangelist at one time. The two paintings differ in that Chloral's forms are ore geometrical, giving the impression of precision while Van Sago's figures are much more organic in nature containing lots of bright, swirls spirals. L and the Village†is composed of blue, green, white and red colors while Van Sago's â€Å"Starry Night†contains blue, green, white and yellow. As this essay draws to a close, I can honestly say that it has been most educational. Now that I know a lot more about Vincent van Gogh and Marc Chloral, I am experiencing a heightened interest in studying their life histories and other works of art. I loved both pieces and feel a new relatedness to them.
Thursday, August 15, 2019
Most Significant Immediate Consequences of the Civil War
Most Significant Immediate Consequences of the Civil War First of all, the freedom of slaves led to dilemmas concerning housing, clothing, food, employment; the financial difficulties which led to having no money, closure of banks, inadequacy of supply of basic commodities, destruction of railroads and bridges, devastation of plantation and crops; as well as, the defeat of the confederacy which consequently resulted in the South not having any government at all (Effects., 2006). The aforementioned direct consequences were very important because it established the country’s â€Å"Reconstruction†(Effects.., 2006). In turn, the â€Å"Reconstruction†made the following possible: 1) setting up of schools, 2) repairing of bridges and roads, 3) rebuilding of bridges, 4) repealing of the Black Codes, 5) setting up of new state constitutions that gave the right for men to vote, and 6) creation of new state constitutions that protected a person from being brought to prison for debt, etc (Encarta, 2007). Second, the Civil War gave rise to innovative technologies like: the harvester that Cyrus Mc Cormick invented, the oil refinery of John d. Rockefeller, etc (Effects.., 2006). It also augmented production because of the slaves that were freed, the devastation of the South, as well as, the confederacy being conquered (Effects.., 2006). Last but not least, women were given the chance to play the roles that they do not typically assume, for instance, farmers, factory workers, etc (Encarta, 2007).  This clearly defined gender roles and upheld gender equality (Encarta, 2007). The Most Important Consequence For me, the most important consequence of the Civil War is the third one. The fact that these women needed to assume the roles of men made people see that women can also do what men can (Encarta, 2007). This ended gender discrimination and led to gender equality (Encarta, 2007). It also contributed largely to the end of slavery (Encarta, 2007). Thus, it is the most important. Reference Effects of the Civil War. (2006). Retrieved September 15, 2007 from http://www.socialstudieshelp.com/USRA_Civ_War_Effects.htm Encarta. (2007). Civil War. Retrieved September 15, 2007 from http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761567354_18/Civil_War.html Â
Wednesday, August 14, 2019
Food habits and globalization Essay
Traditions has been changed since the western food had reached to the GCC, according to Topics-mag.com (2007) â€Å"Many people feel fast food plays a big role in changing the traditional diets of cultures worldwide†. The obesity is a global problem, that it impacted by the bad influence from the globalization. After this, the health became one of the most important issues, because changing habits can destroy the health, also it destroys the traditions, because children nowadays will not be able to eat and have the same healthy food that their parents had. In fact, Food in the UAE has negatively impacted by globalization. The first issue is health, years ago or maybe more our parents had accustomed to eat certain type of food, and by changing it this fast it would be dangerous. Globalization effected many countries by spreading the different types of food restaurants. America as an example spread many junk food restaurants in the UAE, like Macdonald’s, KFC, and pizza hut. Children and adults nowadays eat too many junk food, because its faster, and easy to find. Our parents used to eat healthy food and their bodies does not include junk food, by changing patterns in this generation health has been effected. Obesity and chronic diseases is caused by the changing diet pattern (Neuhouser, Thomson, Coronado, & Solomon, 2004). It seems like the junk food is spreading in the GCC very fast, and the demand of the fast food increased. The reason why health was effected is the new food pattern and if we looked at what this food included we would be surprised. Most of the junk food includes vegetables, meet, and sauces, if we looked gently to the ingredients we will find many of genetically modified organism. This GMO is harmful for the health, because it’s not natural (Emanuelle Landais, 2007). According to sid candid, the fast food can be done fast and taste better but in spite of this advantages â€Å"they are low on the nutritional elements and hardly provide any benefits to the body.†Junk food is full of oil and the person can get fats easily.
Tuesday, August 13, 2019
Business Management Case Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words
Business Management Case Analysis - Essay Example If Google chooses to adopt freedom of expression then it faces the consequences of being the source of arrests of users who go against the law or posting or emailing or organizing information against the Chinese government. On the other hand if it chooses to comply with the Chinese government, then it faces criticism from users, and critics not to mention going against its companys mission (Baron 1). In making an ethical decision, the decision maker is faced with the challenge of complying with all stakeholders and shareholders concerned. In the case of Google, the companys ultimate aim is to satisfy its shareholders and stakeholders. The best course of action, as its cofounder explains, is to avoid harming the company and the Chinese people (Baron 1). By adopting a neutral approach to corporate governance, the company complies with the local laws and maintains a self-filter of censored materials. Censored materials, as deemed by the Chinese government, comprise of blogs, email, and search generated materials which could jeopardize the government. This approach serves the higher good of the Chinese population, and the world. This is congruent with the constructivist approach as prescribed by Mill and Bentham (Course Notes) who are of the view that ethical decisions should benefit the larger good than the morality of the individual. This decision would also be congruent with Googles corporate goal of serving its shareholders. By entering into China, it would be able to harness new market and new consumers regardless of the restrictions of censorship. By complying with the local government, Google would be avoiding costs of legal battles, and operational costs involved in disseminating information to the government in case it loses at court. These would affect the profitability of the company which would ultimately harm the interests of the shareholders (Course Notes). By adopting this course of action however, Google loses some of the trusts
Monday, August 12, 2019
Google case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words
Google - Case Study Example This acquisition with android has given a very positive impact on the financial conditions of the Google. This program of Google is executing with the thought of the customers having an Android phone will be able to connect all the contacts of Google like: Google+, Google chrome, Gmail and many other Google applications that are being used by the customers on daily basis. From 2008 with adaptation of android technology the net income of strikes high profits and increases with more then 30% each year till 2012. The impact of acquisition with android has proved it self by its remarkable performance in gaining the rapidly increasing profits with high percentage. In 2012 there were approximately 700,000 applications available for android and 25 billion applications were downloaded by the users from Google play. This sounds a great achievement for Google. Answer#2 In the opening quarter of 2012, the financial report speaks that Google brought around $2.9 billion in net income on $10.9 bil lion of revenue. On the other side, Motorola mobility lost around $89 million on $3.1 billion in revenue during the first quarter of 2012. In the initial phase after buying Motorola Corporation Google encounters with some losses but Google strategy was to earn with the long term strategic plan. Two big transactions made by Google in December 2012 that greatly impact over the financial position of the company. The manufacturing operations of Motorola mobility were sold by Google to Flextronics for $75 million and sold Motorola Home business division to Arris group for $2.35 billion in a cash and stock transaction. By these two transactions Google acquired 15.7% stake in Arris group valued at $300 million. This immediate effect develops the understanding that Google acquisition with Motorola will give some great and huge innovation in their pipeline products or services as we saw that before 5 years when Google acquisition with android undertaken. There are three big returns for Googl e in merging with Motorola. Right of entry to the portfolio of Motorola patent which it may possibly then permit to links like HTC and Samsung to secure next to the extended arm of Apple’s lawyers. An integrated hardware/software takes part in to battle with Apple Corporation. The difficulty with this reason is that the agreement does not address the breakdown on the Android platform which is the more difficult problem. The set-top big business to make better its covering Google TV offering. Answer#3 The android operating system with its open source model approach confronting with the criticism of the model causes code (software) base to fragment. Another criticism encountered that is online services and the android operating system does not connect with each other. Along with the criticism this technology provides a wide range of benefits to the users. The advantages of open source approach are as follows: 1- Superior in quality with the continuous development pr ocess. 2- Customizability in its development. 3- It gives the liberty of using with own intend. 4- Flexibility in advancement of both software and hardware. 5- Interoperability. 6- Audibility with the derived standards for removing the unwanted deviations. 7- Make available support options for making easier for the user. 8- Inexpensive in cost as compared to others. 9- It
Sunday, August 11, 2019
Study for Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words
Study for Business - Essay Example As a matter of fact, businesses around the world, that are looking forward to establish a foothold in a new or existent market with its ever changing consumer behavior and product - market dynamics are increasingly looking forward to opt for consulting services provided by various well established and renowned consulting organizations and agencies for a particular country or region to various agencies. Consulting is carried out mostly in order to serve one of the many purposes of the client comprises which comprises mainly of fulfilling company’s goals and targets, solving the client company’s problems related to the management, identifying and recommending new business opportunities across various markets, providing learning and helping the client with the process of implementing changes within the organization’s structure and processes (Kuber, 2012, p. 3-6). In other words, it can be said that consulting services are often rendered by industry experts with valu able and significant amount of work experience, besides having related product as well as market knowledge. A key factor that differentiates the service of consulting from any other service or product is that the client is purchasing a promise of satisfaction for the services provided by the consultant and expects that the advices and recommendations provided by the consultant will solve the company’s existing problems. Hence the services provided by the consultant needs to be impeccable, effective and highly accurate (Biech, 2003, p. 4-5). Possible Reasons of Failure There can be a multiple number of reasons that can be attributed for the fact of possible failures of a group project. The most important factor can be the fact of ineffective communication amongst team members. Ineffective communication amongst the team members leads to misunderstanding of the job roles and the required project functionalities allocated to them. Due to the cause of this, the team members most o f the time face difficulties in understanding the personalized project related goals and individual targets allocated to them. This also leads to highlighting of the fact that poor communication among team members leads to poor role clarity to the team members. Also, ineffective team communication arises from the ego factors of the team members involved. This also leads to an increased communication gap. Motivational factor of the team members is a huge factor for the success and effective execution of a group project. Team members, who have low level of motivation, which may arise out of several factors ranging from personal problems, marital problems, financial pressure, work related stress etc will have a low level of involvement, which may affect their performance and contribution to the group based project. Another vital factor is inefficient time allocation and time management for the project involved. Improper time allocation for the project leads to hurried completion of the project, in order to meet the deadline allocated for the project. This leads to overlooking and skipping of some of the important goals and objectives of the project (Team Building, 2009). Possible Corrective Measures In order to take effective steps for the purpose of prevention of the above mentioned reasons of failure, certain steps can be taken. For the purpose of
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